Ergogenic Aids in Athletics

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Please rate each item on the scale of 1 to 5. (5 is the highest)

1. Content pertinent to Athletic Training? 1 2 3 4 5

2. Content presented at appropriate level? 1 2 3 4 5

3. Organization of materials? 1 2 3 4 5

4. Quiz emphasis on pertinent material? 1 2 3 4 5
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Record answers here. Clearly circle ONE answer.

Ergogenic Aids in Athletics

1. A B C D	9. A B C D
2. A B C D	10. A B C D
3. A B C D	11. A B C D
4. A B C D	12. A B C D
5. A B C D	13. A B C D
6. A B C D	14. A B C D
7. A B C D	15. A B C D
8. A B C D

Mark above.

Test

1. Athletes should be urged NOT to use anabolic-androgenic steroids because:

1. they increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, liver cancer, and reproductive dysfunction
2. they can cause users to become hostile
3. they are NOT effective in building muscle
4. A and B

2. Androgens are produced in leydig cells using which of the following as a precursor:

1. Cholesterol
2. LH
3. FSH
4. GnRH

3. “Stacking” refers to:

1. Simultaneous use of injectable and oral steroids
2. Overlapping intake schedules to limit tolerance
3. Using different agents in combination in an overlapping schedule
4. Using injectable agents for 6 weeks followed by oral for 6 weeks

4. Steroid use is of particular concern for:

1. Women
2. Diabetics
3. Individuals taking anticoagulant medications
4. Both B and C

5. Which statement regarding creatine is FALSE?

1. Creatine improves performance most in endurance sports like swimming.
2. Dehydration is a risk for people who take creatine.
3. Long-term use of creatine has not been well studied, but there are concerns that prolonged use may be dangerous.
4. Creatine seems to boost performance during short, high-intensity exercise.

6. Creatine is normally obtained in the diet via:

1. Fish
2. Red meat
3. Legumes
4. Both A and B

7. Creatine is transformed and stored in the active form:

1. Creatinine
2. Creatine monohydrate
3. Creatine-phosphate
4. Free creatine

8. Weight gains observed during the initial creatine loading dose phase are most likely due to:

1. Water retention
2. Increased muscle mass
3. Increased protein synthesis
4. The placebo effect

9. Which of the following is FALSE regarding creatine supplementation?

1. An initial loading dose of 20-30 g/day for 5 days should be followed by a maintenance dose of 2 g/day.
2. Creatine supplementation beyond the recommended dosages has been shown to increase benefits, but is also associated with increased risk of dehydration.
3. Ingestion of creatine with a carbohydrate beverage may enhance creatine uptake.
4. Creatine use has been associated with increased muscle cramping, gastrointestinal pain, and diarrhea.

10. Which of the following statements concerning caffeine is TRUE?

1. Doses of caffeine required to produce an ergogenic effect are likely to result in urinary levels that exceed the IOC and NCAA limits.
2. Consuming caffeine-containing beverages is likely to cause dehydration.
3. The effects of caffeine on metabolism and athletic performance are highly variable among individuals.
4. Caffeine does not improve exercise performance in any type of exercise.

11. Which of the following regarding the physiological basis of caffeine’s ergogenic benefits is FALSE?

1. Caffeine is believed to increase mobilization of fat for energy.
2. Caffeine may have a glycogen sparring effect during exercise lasting less than 20 minutes
3. Caffeine increases neuronal excitation.
4. Caffeine may result in quicker reaction times and clearer thought.

12. Adverse reactions to caffeine may include all of the following EXCEPT:

1. Tachycardia
2. Gastrointestinal disorders
3. Insomnia
4. Dehydration

13. Caffeine products that contain which of the following should be avoided due to a potential synergistic effect on the heart and CNS?

1. Zinc
2. Ephedra
3. Thiamin
4. Calcium

14. Which of the following is FALSE regarding FDA dietary supplements?

1. They are not required to substantiate claims of effectiveness.
2. Manufacturers are held to stringent regulations pertaining to ingredients.
3. In order to have a dietary supplement removed from the market, the FDA must first prove it dangerous.
4. Both A and C are false.

15. Which of the following FDA classifications include substances that have a high risk of abuse?

1. Dietary supplements
2. Nonprescription drugs
3. Schedule CIII drugs
4. Prescription drugs